Véronique Gerard Powell, formerly associate professor in History of Art at the Sorbonne, is a French art historian specialising in Spanish art from sixteenth to early twentieth century. She has published the catalogues raisonnés of Spanish paintings in the museums of Grenoble (2000) and, with Claudie Ressort, of the Louvre (2002). She is also interested in history of collecting, particularly the nineteenth-century European taste for Spanish art. Among her recent publications are two exhibition catalogues of Antonio Pérez Simón’s collections of Spanish and Victorian paintings, articles about the French art dealer Jean-Baptiste Lebrun, Paul Durand-Ruel and Spanish Old Masters, and collecting El Greco. She is preparing a study of French collecting and the art market for Spanish Old Masters from 1800 to 1914.